It may appear in the gingiva as early as 3 hours after birth and often is the only evidence of pigmentation. Gingiva is connected to the tooth by a network of collangenous fibers the connective tissue fibers arise from a higher level on the cementum because of the curvature of the cej and the. Gingival pigmentation is presented as a diffuse deep purplish discoloration or as irregularly shaped brown and light brown or black patches, striae or strands. Gingival consistency definition of gingival consistency. A clinical study of the width of the attached gingiva in the deciduous, transitional and permanent dentitions. The gingival fibers are the connective tissue fibers that inhabit the gingival tissue adjacent to. A clinical study of the width of the attached gingiva in the.
Aesthetic depigmentation of gingival smokers melanosis. Pouran famili, department of periodontics and preventive dentistry, university of pittsburgh, b101 salk. These findings led to their conclusion that at least 2 mm of keratinized gingiva is required for stability of the periodontium lang and loe, 1972. Tissue consistency and texture in gingivitis foundations. Gingival exudates definition of gingival exudates by. Jul 23, 2015 in oral cavity found along the free marginal gingiva metallic line is gray or black in colour. Split mouth gingival depigmentation using blade and diode laser a case report kumara ajeya et al annals of dental research 2011 vol 1 1.
Chronic desquamative gingivitis was first recognized and reported in 1894. The doctors tv showosborne head and neck institute duration. May 28, 20 depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video part 3 chinthamani laser dental implant. Dimensional alterations of the gingiva related to changes of. Aesthetic depigmentation of gingival smokers melanosis using. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Gingiva definition of gingiva by the free dictionary. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 783k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Dec 22, 2015 the aim of this study is to compile a comprehensive database on color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva by age, gender and ethnicity. When compared to primary predecessors, the permanent teeth had a deeper probing depth, narrower attached gingiva and at the maxillary teeth, a wider keratinized gingiva. A split mouth randomized clinical comparative study to.
The consistency of the gingiva varies on the degree of health, density, and firmness of the tissue. A case report ssv prasad, neeraj agrawal, nr reddy department of periodontics, peoples dental academy, peoples campus bhanpur, bhopal462037. Gingival depigmentation chattanooga gum hyper pigmentation. Introduction oral pigmentation is a discoloration of the oral mucosa or gingiva associated with several exogenous and endogenous factors. Microvascular reactivity of the gingiva around implant. When pressure is applied to the inflamed gums on the part of the probe, fabrics easily compressed and can retain the imprint of the probe for.
Morphological changes in the attached and keratinized gingiva. The aim of this study is to compile a comprehensive database on color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva by age, gender and ethnicity. Gingival depigmentation by cryosurgery and laser application. Morphological changes in the attached and keratinized. This can be a natural occurrence or can result after certain dental procedures. Tetrafluoroethane was used for the cryosurgical depigmentation and the gingival abrasion technique. Gingival consistency definition of gingival consistency by. A clinical study of the width of the attached gingiva in. Shape the shape of the gingiva varies considerably depending on the shape of the teeth, their alignment in the arch, the location and size of the area of the proximal contact, the dimensions of the facial and lingual gingival embrasures, and the degree of gingival health festooned gingiva when the gingival margin continues to thicken, the condition takes on a lifesaverlike appearance. The gingiva is considered the most frequently pigmented tissue in the oral cavity 7. Yag laser than liquid nitrogen in case of gingival depigmentation. A comparative evaluation of the gingival depigmentation by using tetrafluoroethane cryosurgery and the gingival abrasion technique 2 years of follow up. Dimensional alterations of the gingiva related to changes. The skin tone, texture and colour differ in various races and regions 14.
Labial teeth and gingiva color image segmentation for. P 1963 gingival bleeding index ainamo j and bay i 1975. Sulcus probing depth and keratinized gingiva were examined at the buccal aspect of the incisors, and either right or left. Assessment of gingival biotype and keratinized gingival width of. Identification of gingival pigmentation patterns and its. Case report gingival hyperplasia being the first sign of wegeners. Gingival depigmentation procedure is a type of perioplastic surgery where the gingival epithelium is excised with various techniques to lighten the colour of the gingiva. The mean width of the attached gingiva did not show an increase from the deciduous to the permanent dentition. Desquamative gingiva diseases and disorders medical. The segmented teeth and gingiva region images are the basis for extraction of several parameters of.
Correction of an inadequate zone of attached gingiva on. Desquamation of the gingiva usually occurs as a result of. Depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video part 3. It results from melanin granules, which are produced by melanoblasts.
The importance of keratinized gingiva surrounding dental implants volume 2 issue 5 2015 pouran famili, anita desai department of periodontics and preventive dentistry, university of pittsburgh, usa correspondence. Nadia dhiman bds 3rd prof slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. In 1932, prinz described it as a peculiar condition characterized by intense erythema, desquamation and ulceration of the free and attached gingiva. Abstract a longitudinal study was undertaken to examine the changes in the sulcus probing depth, keratinized and attached gingiva during the mixed dentition period. Measurements included dental plaque, gingival inflammation, probing depth. Color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva. Three case reports udatta kher, zeenat khan case report abstract melanin pigmentation of the gingiva is a common occurrence. Association of melanin pigmentation in the gingiva of children with parents who smoke. Depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video part 3 chinthamani laser dental implant. Gingival pigmentation is a major concern for a large number of patients visiting the dentist. The width of the keratinized gingiva and the depth of the gingival sulcus were measured on the midfacial aspect. The importance of keratinized gingiva surrounding dental. It covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the portions of the teeth near where the root and crown join cervical portion.
Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal plastic procedure which has been carried out by various techniques. Feb 01, 20 the colour of the pigmented gingiva varies from light to dark brown or black. Gingival enlargement is a commonly encountered problem in clinical practice. Correction of an inadequate zone of attached gingiva on several adjacent teeth is best accomplished with aan apically repositioned flap laterally positioned sliding flap. Melanic pigmentation results from melanin produced by the melanocytes present in the basal layer of the oral epithelium. Abstract maxillary and mandibular anterior permanent teeth in 38 children aged 712 years were examined 2. The burscraping technique provided stable clinical results with minimal postoperative discomfort. The areas of gum tissue affected by hyper pigmentation may appear black, brown, or blue in color. By contrast, gingival overgrowth refers to an increase in gingival volume due to an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins.
A healthy 36yearsold female patient complained about unaesthetic gingiva and she had. Recognition of normal gingiva, gingival infection, deeper periodontal involvement depends on disciplined, stepbystep examination dictate what we need to do, reversed on healthy tissue back to healthy state, chemotherapeutic agents. Excessive gingival pigmentation is a major esthetic concern for many people. Pigmented lesions of oral mucosa oral and perioral pigmentation may be physiologic or pathologic in origin. One of the most common causes of oral pigmentation is smoker melanosis, a condition associated with the melanocyte stimulation caused by cigarette smoke. Introduction gingiva is part of oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of jaws and surrounds the neck of the tissue. These color changes often occur due to deposition,production or increased accumulation of various endogenous or exogenous pigmented substances. Hence the aim of case series was to compare four different depigmentation techniques for removing melanin pigmentation of gingiva. While in this position, the rubber stopper of the endodontic file was fixed on the soft tissue.
A total of 48 patients 27 male, 21 female with a chief complaint of black gums were selected in this study and treated by surgical depigmentation procedure over a period of 3 years 20042007. Aug 29, 20 clinical features of gingiva submitted to. Management of gingival hyperpigmentation 2 case reports. Gingival margin is 1 to 2 mm above cej marginal gingivae is knife edge, flat and fall is a current line around the tooth and fits snugly around the tooth. Histological and clinical evaluation of gingival healing. Diode laser is a minimally invasive treatment option for the. Depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video. Consequently, multiple depigmentation techniques have been employed, including bur abrasion, surgical scraping, and electro surgery 68. Desquamation of the gingiva usually occurs as a result of the most appropriate treatment for a permanent molar with occlusal caries confined to the enamel of the central pit is aan after the crown completion stage, trauma to a developing tooth may be responsible for a 45 year old patient has 32 unrestored teeth. Health, general gingiva physiological aspects gums pigmentation disorders care and treatment causes of. Verma 1, vivek govila 1, vivek srivastava 2, karan punn 3 1 department of periodontics, bbd college of dental sciences, uttar pradesh, india 2 department of periodontics,chandra dental college, lucknow, uttar pradesh, india 3 department of oral and. The gingival thickness affects the treatment outcome possibly because of the difference in the amount of blood supply to the underlying bone and susceptibility to resorption.
Hyperactivity of the melanocytes is the reason for dark colour of gingiva, which is absolutely benign condition with only esthetic disadvantage, for people with gummy smile mostly. Gingival description dentistry 104 with clossen at. Composed of thin outer epithelium and underlying connective tissue. A pleasing smile is desired by all, and forms the main focus of aesthetic dentistry.
The gingiva is the most frequently pigmented intraoral tissue, with the highest rate observed in the area. T he oral cavity is a common site for various pigmented lesions. Wegeners granulomatosis gw is a multisystemic granulomatous vasculitis that predominantly affects the airways and the kidneys, but. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Gingiva the gingiva jin je va is the part of the oral tissue oral mucosa covered by keratinized epithelium. The segmentation is based on the selforganizing map further som algorithm, a type of arti. In oral cavity found along the free marginal gingiva metallic line is gray or black in colour. Primary malignant melanoma of maxillary gingiva a case.
Choose from 500 different sets of gingiva flashcards on quizlet. Oral pigmented lesions can have various etiologies, namely drugs, heavy metals, genetics, endocrine disturbances, inflammation and smoking 1,2,3. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the u. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of gingival depigmentation procedure with conventional scalpel technique and diode laser application. Discoloration of the oral mucosa or gingiva is associated with several exogenous and endogenous factors. The width of the keratinized gingiva and the depth of the gingival sulcus were measured on the midfacial aspect of all teeth in each patient, using a calibrated, flat periodontal probe. Particular surgical principles of crown lengthening are examined in detail. The wound healing takes place by secondary intention and is associated with significant patient morbidity during the healing period. Keywords gingiva, aesthetic, depigmentation i ntroduction in todays aesthetic conscious world, gingival colour and display rate is an integral part of an individuals smile. Histological and clinical evaluation of gingival healing following gingivectomy using different treatment modalities ajita meenawat 1, sunil c.
Study 16 gingival descriptors flashcards from ben l. This study involved 331 individuals who were without clinical evidence of gingival inflammation. The increase of fluid in the inflamed tissue may also cause the gums to be soft, porous, and inelastic fig. The pigmentation of the gingiva, when it is not related to the skin complexion, is a dampening factor in an otherwise acceptable smile window. The tissue should be firm and resilient and should resemble smooth velvet or a finely or coarsely grained orange peel. Gingival depigmentation by free gingival autograft. Earlier studies have shown that periodontitis may lead to a localised infection in the placenta, when oral bacteria from gingival bleeding gets into the. Gingival depigmentation cosmetic gum treatment in chattanooga. The gingiva is the most frequently pigmented intraoral tissue, with the highest rate observed in the area of the incisors front teeth, but other oral tissues can also be affected. However, pigmented gums can be a major cause of embarrassment for patients, especially those with a. Gingival pigmentation occurs as a diffuse,deeppurplish discoloration or as irregularly shaped brown and light brown patches. Desquamative gingiva free download as powerpoint presentation.
Clinical pigmentation in the gingiva may cause aesthetic problems 4,5. Microvascular reactivity of the gingiva around implant born crown. In total, 200 subjects without any systemic disease 100 males and 100 females with mean age 26. Depigmentation is a procedure of removing or reducing of gingival hyperpigmentation. Comparative evaluation of gingival depigmentation using. Color range and color distribution of healthy human. Pigmented gingiva a thorough examination of the gingiva includes evaluation of color, size, shape form or contour, consistency, surface texture, position of the gingival margin and junctional epithelium, mucogingival junctions, bleeding and exudate. Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal plastic procedure should be included in the treatment options designed to ensure more accurate esthetic outcome thereby enhancing the confidence of the patient. Gingival pigmentation cause, treatment and histological. Ten systemically healthy patients who were aged 18 to 36 years were selected for the study.
Gingival descriptors at dalhousie university studyblue. The aim of this study is to identify gingival melanin pigmentation patterns and to investigate its relationship based on clinical analysis with skin color, gender and gingival phenotype for various treatment modalities. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. This paper aims to illustrate the use of a carbon dioxide laser in the removal of the gingival melanic pigmentation for. Surgical esthetic correction for gingival pigmentation. Numerous procedures have been developed for depigmentation of the gingiva, such as scalpel method, bur abrasion 4, free gingival graft 5, gingivectomy 6, cryosurgery 7, and laser surgery 8. Any fluid or semisolid that has exuded out of a tissue or its capillaries, more specifically because of injury or inflammation for example, peritoneal pus in peritonitis, or the exudate that forms a scab over a skin abrasion in which case it is characteristically high in protein and white blood cells. Study of coq10enzymes in gingiva from patients with periodontal.
The gingiva is the only visible part of the periodontium that can be seen in the mouth. Depending on the gingival display during smiling, corrective measures may be needed for an esthetic purpose. A specially designed proforma for this study was used to record all the details which included the following parameters. The importance of keratinized gingiva surrounding dental implants. Oral pigmented lesions can have various etiologies, namely drugs, heavy metals. Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal plastic sur gical procedure where the darkly pigmented gingival epithelium is removed or the pigmentation reduced by various techniques.
The purpose of the research is to investigate the advantage of using er. Gingival depigmentation using surgical excision technique. The width of the attached gingiva was obtained by substracting the probing depth from the width of the keratinized gingiva. Depigmentation of gingiva using zolar diode laser video part. Pigmented gingiva read the description and select the correct image. Melanin, a nonhemoglobinderived brown pigment, is the most common of the endogenous pigments and is produced by. Though, it is not a medical problem, many people complain of dark gums as unesthetic. Fairskinned people with moderate or severe gingival pigmentation frequently request cosmetic treatment of the black gums. Gingival pigmentation is a discoloration of the gingiva due to a variety of lesions and conditions associated with several endogenous and exogenous etiologic features 8.
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